How to Maintain a Sump Pump to Prevent Flooding

A sump pump is your home’s first line of defense against flooding and water damage in your basement or crawl space. This crucial device helps remove excess water during heavy rains, snowmelt, or when groundwater levels rise. However, like any mechanical device, your sump pump requires regular maintenance to ensure it works efficiently when you need it most. A malfunctioning or neglected sump pump can lead to flooding, which can cause costly damage to your home. In this guide, we’ll discuss how to maintain your sump pump to prevent flooding and keep your home safe. Following sump pump maintenance tips is essential to safeguard your basement and avoid expensive repairs.

What is a Sump Pump?

A sump pump is a crucial component of a home’s plumbing system that removes water from the lowest part of the home, typically in a pit or well below the basement or crawlspace floor. Sump pumps are highly recommended in areas with heavy flooding. There are two main types of sump pumps: pedestal and submersible. Pedestal sump pumps sit outside the pit, making them easier to service but also more visible. Submersible pumps, on the other hand, are designed to operate underwater within the sump pit, making them quieter and less obtrusive. Proper maintenance can help a sump pump last well beyond its average 10-year lifespan, ensuring your home remains protected from water damage.

1. Test the Sump Pump Regularly

One of the easiest and most important maintenance tasks is regularly testing your sump pump to ensure it’s functioning properly. A sump pump that doesn’t work when needed could lead to significant water damage during a heavy storm.

How to Test It: Pour a bucket of water into the sump pit to raise the water level. The pump should activate when the water reaches a certain level, draining the water from the pit. If the pump doesn’t turn on, it may need repairs or replacement.
Check the Float Switch: The float switch is responsible for turning the pump on and off. Ensure it’s moving freely and isn’t stuck. If the float switch isn’t working, the pump won’t activate even if the pit fills with water.

There are two main types of sump pumps: pedestal and submersible. A pedestal sump pump is characterized by its motor being situated above the sump pit, as opposed to a submersible pump, which operates underwater. Understanding the functionalities and specific needs of a new sump pump is crucial. Homeowners should keep installation instructions handy for reference.

2. Inspect the Power Source

Your sump pump is only as reliable as its power source. Since sump pumps run on electricity, it’s essential to ensure that they are properly connected to a power source and have a backup plan in case of power outages.

Check the Power Cord: Ensure that the sump pump’s power cord is plugged into a dedicated outlet. Check for any frayed or damaged cords, which could lead to electrical issues.
Install a Battery Backup: Power outages often happen during severe storms—the exact time you need your sump pump the most. A battery backup system ensures your sump pump will continue to operate even if the power goes out. Consider installing a backup system if your sump pump doesn’t already have one. Having a backup sump pump, especially in areas prone to severe weather, provides peace of mind by ensuring continued operation during power outages.

3. Clean the Sump Pit Regularly

Over time, dirt, debris, and sediment can accumulate in the sump pit, which can clog the pump and reduce its efficiency. A clogged sump pump may struggle to remove water, increasing the risk of flooding.

How to Clean the Pit: Disconnect the sump pump from its power source and remove any debris from the sump pit. Use a shop vac to remove dirt and sludge from the bottom of the pit. It’s important to keep the pit as clean as possible to ensure the pump can operate without obstructions. During annual checks and cleaning procedures, pay special attention to the sump basin, as it plays a crucial role in ensuring the proper functioning of the sump pump and the removal of accumulated water.

4. Clean the Pump’s Inlet Screen

The inlet screen, located on the pump itself, filters out debris before water enters the pump. Over time, the screen can become clogged with dirt, leaves, and other debris, reducing water flow and the pump’s efficiency.

How to Clean the Screen: Disconnect the sump pump and remove it from the pit. Clean the inlet screen using a soft brush or cloth to remove any dirt or debris. Ensure that the screen is free of blockages before reinstalling the pump. Regular sump pump maintenance, including cleaning the inlet screen, is essential to prevent basement flooding and costly water damage.

5. Check the Discharge Pipe

The discharge pipe carries water away from your home after the sump pump removes it from the pit. It’s important to ensure the discharge pipe is free of obstructions and directs water a safe distance away from your home’s foundation.

Inspect for Blockages: Check the discharge pipe for any blockages caused by debris, dirt, or ice. In colder months, frozen discharge pipes can prevent water from being removed, leading to backups in the sump pit. Additionally, regularly inspect the sump pump’s discharge line to ensure it effectively diverts water away from the home.
Ensure Proper Drainage: Make sure the discharge pipe is long enough to direct water at least 10-20 feet away from your home’s foundation. If water is discharged too close to your home, it can seep back into the basement or crawl space, causing further flooding issues.

6. Ensure the Pump is Positioned Correctly

The sump pump needs to sit flat on the bottom of the sump pit to function properly. If the pump is tilted or leaning, it can prevent the float switch from activating or cause the pump to work inefficiently.

How to Check Positioning: After cleaning the sump pit, ensure the pump is sitting level at the bottom of the pit. If the pump is tilted, adjust its position so it sits flat and can operate without obstruction.

7. Test the Check Valve

The check valve is an essential component of your sump pump system that prevents water from flowing back into the pit after it has been pumped out. A malfunctioning or missing check valve can lead to water constantly cycling back into the pit, overworking the pump.

How to Check It: Make sure the check valve is installed on the discharge pipe and is functioning properly. If water is flowing back into the pit after the pump shuts off, the check valve may be faulty or installed incorrectly. Replace or adjust the check valve if necessary.

8. Safety Precautions and Troubleshooting

Safety First

Sump pumps operate using electricity and are in and near water, creating a potential hazard situation. To stay safe while performing maintenance, follow a step-by-step process. Safety procedures should be implemented before starting maintenance work. Ensure power is disconnected and the pump is unplugged before performing any maintenance tasks. Wear protective gear, such as gloves and safety glasses, to prevent injury.

Common Issues and Troubleshooting

Common issues with sump pumps include a pump that won’t turn on, turns on but doesn’t eject water, or runs continuously. Each scenario requires a different approach to repair or replace the pump. Regular maintenance can help prevent many common issues. Knowing when to call a professional is essential for complex repairs.

If the sump pump won’t turn on, check the power source, float switch, and impeller for damage or blockages.
If the sump pump turns on but doesn’t eject water, check the impeller, check valve, and discharge pipe for damage or blockages.
If the sump pump runs continuously, check the float switch and adjust it if necessary. Ensure the pump is strong enough to handle the amount of water collecting in the drainage system.
If the sump pump turns on or off too soon or too late, adjust the float switch according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
If the sump pump is making strange noises, check the discharge pipe for blockages, secure the discharge pipe if necessary, and check the impeller and check valve for damage or blockages.

By following these safety precautions and troubleshooting tips, you can ensure your sump pump is working properly and prevent costly repairs and water damage. Regular routine maintenance is essential to extend the life of your sump pump and prevent common issues.

9. Schedule Annual Professional Maintenance

While regular DIY maintenance is essential, it’s also a good idea to have a professional plumber inspect and service your sump pump at least once a year. A professional can identify potential issues, such as worn-out components or electrical problems, and provide a more thorough inspection of your entire system.

What a Professional Will Do: During a professional maintenance check, the plumber will test the pump, inspect the power source, clean the sump pit, and ensure all components are functioning properly. They can also advise you on any necessary repairs or replacements.

10. Replace the Sump Pump When Necessary

Sump pumps have a limited lifespan, typically lasting around 7 to 10 years, depending on usage and maintenance. If your sump pump is older, it may be time to consider replacing it, even if it appears to be working fine. Not all sump pumps require lubricating their bearings; check the owner’s manual or search online for specific instructions based on your pump’s make and model.

Signs It’s Time for a Replacement: If your sump pump frequently fails to turn on, makes strange noises, or doesn’t seem to pump water efficiently, it may be nearing the end of its life. Replacing the pump before it fails can save you from unexpected flooding.

Conclusion

Maintaining your sump pump is essential to prevent flooding and protect your home from water damage. By regularly testing, cleaning, and inspecting your sump pump, you can ensure it operates efficiently when needed. Simple steps like clearing debris from the sump pit, checking the power source, and keeping the discharge pipe clear can make all the difference in keeping your basement or crawl space dry. If you need help maintaining or replacing your sump pump, contact the Pacific Plumbing Team for expert assistance. With proper care, your sump pump will provide reliable protection for your home for years to come